Which of the following is NOT considered an expense related to property management?

Property taxes are not considered an expense related to property management in the context of the question. While property taxes are indeed a cost that property owners must bear, they are classified as a burden of ownership rather than a direct operational expense that is part of the property management functions. Property management expenses typically include costs that are directly related to managing the day-to-day operations of a property, such as repairs (which keep the property in good condition), leasing commissions (which are paid to secure tenants), and marketing costs (which help attract tenants to the property). These expenses are integral to maintaining occupancy and ensuring the property is well-managed, while property taxes are a fixed cost of owning real estate that is not tied directly to management activities or operational efficiency.